[analyzer] Make MallocChecker more robust against custom redeclarations

Add additional checking to MallocChecker to avoid crashing when memory
routines have unexpected numbers of arguments. You wouldn't expect to see much
of this in normal code (-Wincompatible-library-redeclaration warns on this),
but, for example, CMake tests can generate these.

This is PR30616.

rdar://problem/28631974

llvm-svn: 284335