[ThinLTO] Parse module summary index from assembly

Summary:
Adds assembly parsing support for the module summary index (follow on
to r333335 which added the assembly writing support).

I added support to llvm-as to invoke the index parsing, so that it can
create either a bitcode file with a Module and a per-module index, or
a combined index without a Module.

I will send follow on patches soon to do the following:
- add support to tools such as llvm-lto2 to parse the per-module indexes
from assembly instead of bitcode when testing the thin link.
- verification support.

Depends on D47844 and D47842.

Reviewers: pcc, dexonsmith, mehdi_amini

Subscribers: inglorion, eraman, steven_wu, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D47905

llvm-svn: 335602