[COFF] Use COFF stubs for extern_weak functions

Summary:
A COFF stub indirects the reference to a symbol through memory. A
.refptr.$sym global variable pointer is created to refer to $sym.
Typically mingw uses these for external global variable declarations,
but we can use them for weak function declarations as well.

Updates the dso_local classification to add a special case for
extern_weak symbols on COFF in both clang and LLVM.

Fixes PR37598

Reviewers: smeenai, mstorsjo

Subscribers: hiraditya, cfe-commits, llvm-commits

Tags: #clang, #llvm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D61615

llvm-svn: 360207