[Reassociate] Prevent infinite loops when processing PHIs.

Phi nodes can reside in live blocks but one of their incoming
arguments can come from a dead block. Dead blocks and reassociate
don't play nice together. In fact, reassociate performs an RPO
as a first step to avoid processing dead blocks.

The reason why Reassociate might not fixpoint when examining
dead blocks is that the following:

  %xor0 = xor i16 %xor1, undef
  %xor1 = xor i16 %xor0, undef

is perfectly valid LLVM IR (if it appears in a dead block),
so the worklist algorithm keeps pushing the two instructions for
reexamination. Note that this is not Reassociate fault, at least
not entirely. It's llvm that has a weird definition of dominance.

Fixes PR37390.

llvm-svn: 332100