[lld][MachO] Replace some std::string with char* buffers to eliminate mem leaks.

The MachO debug support code (committed in r276935) occasionally needs to
allocate string copies, and was doing so by creating std::strings on a
BumpPtrAllocator. The strings were untracked, so the destructors weren't being
run and we were leaking the memory when the allocator was thrown away. Since
it's easier than tracking the strings, this patch switches the copies to char
buffers allocated directly in the bump-ptr allocator.

llvm-svn: 277208