ValueMapper: Disallow metadata mapping recursion through mapValue

This adds an assertion to maintain the property from r265273.  When
Mapper::mapSimpleMetadata calls Mapper::mapValue, it should not find its
way back to mapMetadataImpl.  This guarantees that mapSimpleMetadata is
not involved in any recursion.

Since Mapper::mapValue calls out to arbitrary materializers, we need to
save a bit on the ValueMap to make this assertion effective.

There should be no functionality change here.  This co-recursion should
already have been impossible.

llvm-svn: 265276