[Support] Provide access to current thread name/thread id.

Applications often need the current thread id when making
system calls, and some operating systems provide the notion
of a thread name, which can be useful in enabling better
diagnostics when debugging or logging.

This patch adds an accessor for the thread id, and "best effort"
getters and setters for the thread name.  Since this is
non critical functionality, no error is returned to indicate
that a platform doesn't support thread names.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D30526

llvm-svn: 296887