dwarfgen: Add support for generating the debug_str_offsets section, take 2

This recommits r337910 after fixing an "ambiguous call to addAttribute"
error with some compilers (gcc circa 4.9 and MSVC). It seems that these
compilers will consider a "false -> pointer" conversion during overload
resolution. This creates ambiguity because one I added an overload which
takes a MCExpr * as an argument.

I fix this by making the new overload take MCExpr&, which avoids the
conversion. It also documents the fact that we expect a valid MCExpr
object.

Original commit message follows:

The motivation for this is D49493, where we'd like to test details of
debug_str_offsets behavior which is difficult to trigger from a
traditional test.

This adds the plubming necessary for dwarfgen to generate this section.
The more interesting changes are:
- I've moved emitStringOffsetsTableHeader function from DwarfFile to
  DwarfStringPool, so I can generate the section header more easily from
  the unit test.
- added a new addAttribute overload taking an MCExpr*. This is used to
  generate the DW_AT_str_offsets_base, which links a compile unit to the
  offset table.

I've also added a basic test for reading and writing DW_form_strx forms.

Reviewers: dblaikie, JDevlieghere, probinson

Subscribers: llvm-commits, aprantl

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D49670

llvm-svn: 337933