Introduce optional "Invalid" parameters to routines that invoke the

SourceManager's getBuffer() and, therefore, could fail, along with
Preprocessor::getSpelling(). Use the Invalid parameters in the literal
parsers (string, floating point, integral, character) to make them
robust against errors that stem from, e.g., PCH files that are not
consistent with the underlying file system.

I still need to audit every use caller to all of these routines, to
determine which ones need specific handling of error conditions.

llvm-svn: 98608