Reland r296442 with modifications reverted in r296463.

Original commit message:

"Allow externally dlopen-ed libraries to be registered as permanent libraries.

This is also useful in cases when llvm is in a shared library. First we dlopen
the llvm shared library and then we register it as a permanent library in order
to keep the JIT and other services working.

Patch reviewed by Vedant Kumar (D29955)!"

llvm-svn: 296774