[libc++] Move abs and div into stdlib.h to fix header cycle.

libc++ is careful to not fracture overload sets. When one overload
is visible to a user, all of them should be. Anything less causes
subtle bugs and ODR violations.

Previously, in order to support ::abs and ::div being supplied by
both <cmath> and <cstdlib> we had to do awful things that make
<math.h> and <stdlib.h> have header cycles and be non-modular.
This really breaks with modules.

Specifically the problem was that in C++ ::abs introduces overloads
for floating point numbers, these overloads forward to ::fabs,
which are defined in math.h. Therefore ::abs needed to be in math.h
too. But this required stdlib.h to include math.h and math.h to
include stdlib.h.

To avoid these problems the definitions have been moved to stddef.h
(which math includes), and the floating point overloads of ::abs
have been changed to call __builtin_fabs, which both Clang and GCC
support.