[MLIR][VectorAnalysis] Add a VectorAnalysis and standalone tests

This CL adds some vector support in prevision of the upcoming vector
materialization pass. In particular this CL adds 2 functions to:
1. compute the multiplicity of a subvector shape in a supervector shape;
2. help match operations on strict super-vectors. This is defined for a given
subvector shape as an operation that manipulates a vector type that is an
integral multiple of the subtype, with multiplicity at least 2.

This CL also adds a TestUtil pass where we can dump arbitrary testing of
functions and analysis that operate at a much smaller granularity than a pass
(e.g. an analysis for which it is convenient to write a bit of artificial MLIR
and write some custom test). This is in order to keep using Filecheck for
things that essentially look and feel like C++ unit tests.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 222250910