[SCEV] Add a local cache for getZeroExtendExpr and getSignExtendExpr to prevent

the exponential behavior.

The patch is to fix PR32043. Functions getZeroExtendExpr and getSignExtendExpr
may call themselves recursively more than once. This is potentially a 2^N
complexity behavior. The exponential behavior was not commonly exposed before
because of existing global cache mechnism like UniqueSCEVs or some early return
mechanism when flags FlagNSW or FlagNUW are seen. However, we still have case
which can expose the exponential behavior, like the case in PR32043, so we add
a local cache in getZeroExtendExpr and getSignExtendExpr. If the input of the
functions -- SCEV and type pair have been seen before, we can find the extended
expression directly in the local cache.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D30350

llvm-svn: 300494