[libc++] Enable deprecation warnings by default

Summary:
In r342843, I added deprecation warnings to some facilities that were
deprectated in C++14 and C++17. However, those deprecation warnings
were not enabled by default.

After discussing this on IRC, we had finally gotten consensus to enable
those warnings by default, and I'm getting around to doing that only
now.

Reviewers: mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, jkorous, dexonsmith, jdoerfert, libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D58140

llvm-svn: 355961