[Attributor] Use abstract call sites to determine associated arguments

This is the second step after D67871 to make use of abstract call sites.
In this patch the argument we associate with a abstract call site
argument can be the one in the callback callee instead of the one in the
callback broker.

Caveat: We cannot allow no-alias arguments for problematic callbacks:
As described in [1], adding no-alias (or restrict) to arguments could
break synchronization as the synchronization effect, e.g., a barrier,
does not "alias" with the pointer anymore. This disables no-alias
annotation for potentially problematic arguments until we implement the
fix described in [1].

Reviewed By: uenoku

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D68008

[1] Compiler Optimizations for OpenMP, J. Doerfert and H. Finkel,
    International Workshop on OpenMP 2018,
    http://compilers.cs.uni-saarland.de/people/doerfert/par_opt18.pdf