Diagnose unsafe uses of nil and __nonnull pointers.

This generalizes the checking of null arguments to also work with
values of pointer-to-function, reference-to-function, and block
pointer type, using the nullability information within the underling
function prototype to extend non-null checking, and diagnoses returns
of 'nil' within a function with a __nonnull return type.

Note that we don't warn about nil returns from Objective-C methods,
because it's common for Objective-C methods to mimic the nil-swallowing
behavior of the receiver by checking ostensibly non-null parameters
and returning nil from otherwise non-null methods in that
case.

It also diagnoses (via a separate flag) conversions from nullable to
nonnull pointers. It's a separate flag because this warning can be noisy.

llvm-svn: 240153