ValueMapper: Avoid recursion in mapSimplifiedMetadata, NFC

The main change is to delay materializing GlobalValue initializers from
Mapper::mapValue until Mapper::~Mapper.  This effectively removes all
recursion from mapSimplifiedMetadata, as promised in r265270.
mapSimplifiedMetadata calls mapValue for ConstantAsMetadata nodes to
find the mapped constant, and now it shouldn't be possible for mapValue
to indirectly re-invoke mapMetadata.  I'll add an assertion to that
effect in a follow-up (separated so that the assertion can easily be
reverted independently, if it comes to that).

This a step toward a broader goal: converting Mapper::mapMetadataImpl
from a recursive to an iterative algorithm.

When a BlockAddress points at a BasicBlock inside an unmaterialized
function body, we need to delay it until the function body is
materialized in Mapper::~Mapper.  This commit creates a temporary
BasicBlock and returns a new BlockAddress, then RAUWs the BasicBlock
once it is known.  This situation should be extremely rare since a
BlockAddress is usually used from within the function it's referencing
(and BlockAddress itself is rare).

There should be no observable functionality change.

llvm-svn: 265273