IR: Introduce inrange attribute on getelementptr indices.

If the inrange keyword is present before any index, loading from or
storing to any pointer derived from the getelementptr has undefined
behavior if the load or store would access memory outside of the bounds of
the element selected by the index marked as inrange.

This can be used, e.g. for alias analysis or to split globals at element
boundaries where beneficial.

As previously proposed on llvm-dev:
http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2016-July/102472.html

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D22793

llvm-svn: 286514