[SCEV] Pick backedge values for phi nodes correctly

Summary:
`getConstantEvolutionLoopExitValue` and `ComputeExitCountExhaustively`
assumed all phi nodes in the loop header have the same order of incoming
values.  This is not correct, and this commit changes
`getConstantEvolutionLoopExitValue` and `ComputeExitCountExhaustively`
to lookup the backedge value of a phi node using the loop's latch block.

Unfortunately, there is still some code duplication
`getConstantEvolutionLoopExitValue` and `ComputeExitCountExhaustively`.
At some point in the future we should extract out a helper class /
method that can evolve constant evolution phi nodes across iterations.

Fixes 25060.  Thanks to Mattias Eriksson for the spot-on analysis!

Depends on D13457.

Reviewers: atrick, hfinkel

Subscribers: materi, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D13458

llvm-svn: 249712