Add test cases for false positives on -Wnull-arithmetic from Richard

Trieu, and fix them by checking for array and function types as well as
pointer types.

I've added a predicate method on Type to bundle together the logic we're
using here: isPointerLikeType(). I'd welcome better names for this
predicate, this is the best I came up with. It's implemented as a switch
to be a touch lighter weight than all the chained isa<...> casts that
would result otherwise.

llvm-svn: 133383