ScalarEvolution: Compute exit counts for loops with a power-of-2 step.

If we have a loop of the form
for (unsigned n = 0; n != (k & -32); n += 32) {}
then we know that n is always divisible by 32 and the loop must
terminate. Even if we have a condition where the loop counter will
overflow it'll always hold this invariant.

PR19183. Our loop vectorizer creates this pattern and it's also
occasionally formed by loop counters derived from pointers.

llvm-svn: 204728