Move floating point related entities to namespace level

This is recommit of commit e6584b2b, which was reverted in
30e7ee3c together with af57dbf1.
Original message is below.

Enumerations that describe rounding mode and exception behavior were
defined inside ConstrainedFPIntrinsic. It makes sense to use the same
definitions to represent the same properties in other cases, not only
in constrained intrinsics. It was however inconvenient as required to
include constrained intrinsics definitions even if they were not needed.
Also using long scope prefix reduced readability.

This change moves these definitioins to the namespace llvm::fp.
No functional changes.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D69552