Affine expression analysis and simplification.

Outside of IR/
- simplify a MutableAffineMap by flattening the affine expressions
- add a simplify affine expression pass that uses this analysis
- update the FlatAffineConstraints API (to be used in the next CL)

In IR:
- add isMultipleOf and getKnownGCD for AffineExpr, and make the in-IR
  simplication of simplifyMod simpler and more powerful.
- rename the AffineExpr visitor methods to distinguish b/w visiting and
  walking, and to simplify API names based on context.

The next CL will use some of these for the loop unrolling/unroll-jam to make
the detection for the need of cleanup loop powerful/non-trivial.

A future CL will finally move this simplification to FlatAffineConstraints to
make it more powerful. For eg., currently, even if a mod expr appearing in a
part of the expression tree can't be simplified, the whole thing won't be
simplified.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 211012256