[libc++] Adds newer clang-tidy in the CI.

In order to use clang-tidy for modules version 17 is required. Some of the
development fixes haven't been backported. This adds the new version to
the CI so it can be used in a follow-up patch.

Reviewed By: #libc, ldionne

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D148831