[WebAssembly] Compile all TLS on Emscripten as local-exec

Summary:
Currently, on Emscripten, dynamic linking is not supported with threads.
This means that if thread-local storage is used, it must be used in a
statically-linked executable. Hence, local-exec is the only possible model.

This diff compiles all TLS variables to use local-exec on Emscripten as a
temporary measure until dynamic linking is supported with threads.

The goal for this is to allow C++ types with constructors to be thread-local.

Currently, when `clang` compiles a `thread_local` variable with a constructor,
it generates `__tls_guard` variable:

    @__tls_guard = internal thread_local global i8 0, align 1

As no TLS model is specified, this is treated as general-dynamic, which we do
not support (and cannot support without implementing dynamic linking support
with threads in Emscripten). As a result, any C++ constructor in `thread_local`
variables would not compile.

By compiling all `thread_local` as local-exec, `__tls_guard` will compile and
we can support C++ constructors with TLS without implementing dynamic linking
with threads.

Depends on D64537

Reviewers: tlively, aheejin, sbc100

Reviewed By: aheejin

Subscribers: dschuff, jgravelle-google, hiraditya, sunfish, llvm-commits

Tags: #llvm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D64776

llvm-svn: 366275