IR: getOrInsertODRUniquedType => DICompositeType::getODRType, NFC

Lift the API for debug info ODR type uniquing up a layer.  Instead of
clients managing the map directly on the LLVMContext, add a static
method to DICompositeType called getODRType and handle the map in the
background.  Also adds DICompositeType::getODRTypeIfExists, so far just
for convenience in the unit tests.

This simplifies the logic in LLParser and BitcodeReader.  Because of
argument spam there are actually a few more lines of code now; I'll see
if I come up with a reasonable way to clean that up.

llvm-svn: 266742