[ValueTracking] recognize variations of 'clamp' to improve codegen (PR31693)

By enhancing value tracking, we allow an existing min/max canonicalization to
kick in and improve codegen for several targets that have min/max instructions.

Unfortunately, recognizing min/max in value tracking may cause us to hit
a hack in InstCombiner::visitICmpInst() more often:
http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2017-January/109340.html
...but I'm hoping we can remove that soon.

Correctness proofs based on Alive:

Name: smaxmin
Pre: C1 < C2
%cmp2 = icmp slt i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp slt i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %min
=>
%cmp2 = icmp slt i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp sgt i8 %min, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %min, i8 C1

Name: sminmax
Pre: C1 > C2
%cmp2 = icmp sgt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp sgt i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %max
=>
%cmp2 = icmp sgt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp slt i8 %max, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %max, i8 C1

---------------------------------------- 
Optimization: smaxmin 
Done: 1 
Optimization is correct! 
---------------------------------------- 
Optimization: sminmax 
Done: 1 
Optimization is correct!



Name: umaxmin
Pre: C1 u< C2
%cmp2 = icmp ult i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp ult i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %min
=>
%cmp2 = icmp ult i8 %x, C2
%min = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp ugt i8 %min, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %min, i8 C1

Name: uminmax
Pre: C1 u> C2
%cmp2 = icmp ugt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp3 = icmp ugt i8 %x, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp3, i8 C1, i8 %max
=>
%cmp2 = icmp ugt i8 %x, C2
%max = select i1 %cmp2, i8 %x, i8 C2
%cmp1 = icmp ult i8 %max, C1
%r = select i1 %cmp1, i8 %max, i8 C1

---------------------------------------- 
Optimization: umaxmin 
Done: 1 
Optimization is correct! 
---------------------------------------- 
Optimization: uminmax 
Done: 1 
Optimization is correct! 
 

llvm-svn: 292660