[Symbol] Use llvm::Expected when getting TypeSystems

Summary:
This commit achieves the following:
- Functions used to return a `TypeSystem *` return an
  `llvm::Expected<TypeSystem *>` now. This means that the result of a call
  is always checked, forcing clients to move more carefully.
- `TypeSystemMap::GetTypeSystemForLanguage` will either return an Error or a
  non-null pointer to a TypeSystem.

Reviewers: JDevlieghere, davide, compnerd

Subscribers: jdoerfert, lldb-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D65122

llvm-svn: 367360