Allow DataLayout to support arbitrary pointer sizes

Currently, it is impossible to specify a DataLayout with pointer
size and index size that is not a whole number of bytes.
This patch modifies
the DataLayout class to accept arbitrary pointer sizes and to
store the size as a number of bits, rather than as a number of bytes.
Generally speaking, the external interface of the class as used
by in-tree architectures remains the same and shouldn't affect the
behavior of architecures with pointer sizes equal to a whole number
of bytes.

Note the interface of setPointerAlignment has changed and takes
a pointer and index size that is a number of bits, rather than a number
of bytes.

Patch originally by Ajit Kumar Agarwal

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D114141