[LLDB][NFC] Remove DWARFASTParserClang as friend from SymbolFileDWARF (#70157)

This effectively moves a few functions from protected to public. In any
case, for the sake of having a cleaner SymbolFileDWARF API, it's better
if it's not a friend of a one of its consumers, DWARFASTParserClang.
Another effect of this change is that I can use SymbolFileDWARF for the
out-of-tree mojo dwarf parser, which relies on pretty much the same
functions that DWARFASTParserClang needs from SymbolFileDWARF.