[ASan] Report proper ASan error on allocator failures instead of CHECK(0)-ing

Summary:
Currently many allocator specific errors (OOM, for example) are reported as
a text message and CHECK(0) termination, not stack, no details, not too
helpful nor informative. To improve the situation, ASan detailed errors were
defined and reported under the appropriate conditions.

Issue: https://github.com/google/sanitizers/issues/887

Reviewers: eugenis

Subscribers: kubamracek, delcypher, #sanitizers, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D44404

llvm-svn: 328722