[libc++] [P0202] constexpr set_union, set_difference, set_symmetric_difference, merge

These had been waiting on the ability to use `std::copy` from
constexpr code (which in turn had been waiting on the ability to
use `is_constant_evaluated()` to switch between `memmove` and non-`memmove`
implementations of `std::copy`). That work landed a while ago,
so these algorithms can all be constexpr in C++20 now.

Simultaneously, update the tests for the set algorithms.

- Use an element type with "equivalent but not identical" values.
- The custom-comparator tests now pass something different from `operator<`.
- Make the constexpr coverage match the non-constexpr coverage.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D92255