[lldb] Change interface of StructuredData::Array::GetItemAtIndexAsString (#71613)

This patch changes the interface of
StructuredData::Array::GetItemAtIndexAsString to return a
`std::optional<llvm::StringRef>` instead of taking an out parameter.
More generally, this commit serves as proposal that we change all of the
sibling APIs (`GetItemAtIndexAs`) to do the same thing. The reason this
isn't one giant patch is because it is rather unwieldy changing just one
of these, so if this is approved, I will do all of the other ones as
individual follow-ups.