Use a bit of relaxed constexpr to make FeatureBitset costant intializable

This requires std::intializer_list to be a literal type, which it is
starting with C++14. The downside is that std::bitset is still not
constexpr-friendly so this change contains a re-implementation of most
of it.

Shrinks clang by ~60k.

llvm-svn: 369847