[asan] Ensure __asan_register_elf_globals is called in COMDAT asan.module_ctor (#67745)

On ELF platforms, when there is no global variable and the unique module ID is
non-empty, COMDAT asan.module_ctor is created with no
`__asan_register_elf_globals` calls. If this COMDAT is the prevailing copy
selected by the linker, the linkage unit will have no
`__asan_register_elf_globals` call: the redzone will not be poisoned and ODR
violation checker will not work (#67677).

This behavior is benign for -fno-sanitize-address-globals-dead-stripping because
asan.module_ctor functions that call `__asan_register_globals`
(`InstrumentGlobalsWithMetadataArray`) do not use COMDAT.

To fix #67677:

* Use COMDAT for -fsanitize-address-globals-dead-stripping on ELF platforms.
* Call `__asan_register_elf_globals` even if there is no global variable.
* If the unique module ID is empty, don't call SetComdatForGlobalMetadata:
  placing `@.str` in a COMDAT would incorrectly discard internal COMDAT `@.str`
  in other compile units.

Alternatively, when there is no global variable, asan.module_ctor is not COMDAT
and does not call `__asan_register_elf_globals`. However, the asan.module_ctor
function cannot be eliminated by the linker.

Tested the following script. Only ELF -fsanitize-address-globals-dead-stripping has changed behaviors.
```
echo > a.cc  # no global variable, empty uniqueModuleId
echo 'void f() {}' > b.cc  # with global variable, with uniqueModuleId
echo 'int g;' > c.cc  # with global variable
for t in x86_64-linux-gnu arm64-apple-macosx x86_64-windows-msvc; do
  for gc in -f{,no-}sanitize-address-globals-dead-stripping; do
    for f in a.cc b.cc c.cc; do
      echo /tmp/Rel/bin/clang -S --target=$t -fsanitize=address $gc $f -o -
      /tmp/Rel/bin/clang -S --target=$t -fsanitize=address $gc $f -o - | sed -n '/asan.module_ctor/,/ret/p'
    done
  done
done
```