[mlir][Transforms][NFC] CSE: Add non-pass entry point

Add an additional entry point so that CSE can be used without a pass. This allows CSE to be used from the Transform dialect without invalidating all handles.

* All IR modifications are done with a rewriter.
* The C++ entry point takes a `RewriterBase &`, which may have a listener attached to it. This allows users to track all IR modifications.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D145226