[X86][AVX] Extract SUBV_BROADCAST constant bits from just the lower subvector range (PR51281)

As reported on PR51281, an internal fuzz test encountered an issue when extracting constant bits from a SUBV_BROADCAST node from a constant pool source larger than the broadcasted subvector width.

The getTargetConstantBitsFromNode was assuming that the Constant would the same size as the subvector, resulting in the incorrect packing of the per-element bits data.

This patch attempts to solve this by using the SUBV_BROADCAST node to determine the subvector width, and then ensuring we extract only the lowest bits from Constant of that subvector bitsize.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D107158