Changing some strange code into an assert; NFC

This code was added in b65b1f32, but it
was not noticed that the [[fallthrough]] behavior was very wrong. In C
mode, we would set the ParenExprType to CompoundLiteral and then
promptly overwrite that information by falling through.

After some investigation, I convinced myself that it is not possible to
hit this code path in C, only in C++. I've switched it to be an
assertion; I don't expect to hit it, but if we do hit it, that will at
least give us a code example we can use to reason about the intent of
the original code.