[InstCombine] improve demanded bits analysis of left-shifted operand

If we don't demand high bits, then we also don't care about those
high bits of a left-shift operand regardless of shift amount.
I noticed the sext/trunc pattern in a motivating example.
It seems like there should be a low-bits with right-shift sibling,
but I haven't looked at that yet.

https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/JuS6jc
https://rise4fun.com/Alive/Trm (not sure how to use 'width' with Alive1)
https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/gRadbF

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D101489