[sanitizer] Allow log_path to distinguish default from explicit stderr

Split out of D89086 as suggested.

Change the default of the log_path flag to nullptr, and the code
consuming that flag (ReportFile::SetReportPath), to treat nullptr as
stderr (so no change to the behavior of existing users). This allows
code to distinguish between the log_path being specified explicitly as
stderr vs the default.

This is so the flag can be used to override the new report path variable
that will be encoded in the binary for memprof for runtime testing.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D89629