[ValueTracking] Use !range metadata more aggressively in KnownBits

Summary:
Teach `computeKnownBitsFromRangeMetadata` to use `!range` metadata more
aggressively.

Reviewers: majnemer, nlewycky, jingyue

Subscribers: llvm-commits

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D14100

llvm-svn: 251487