[DebugInfo][InstrRef] Don't generate redundant DBG_PHIs

In SelectionDAG, DBG_PHI instructions are created to "read" physreg values
and give them an instruction number, when they can't be traced back to a
defining instruction. The most common scenario if arguments to a function.
Unfortunately, if you have 100 inlined methods, each of which has the same
"this" pointer, then the 100 dbg.value instructions become 100
DBG_INSTR_REFs plus 100 DBG_PHIs, where only one DBG_PHI would suffice.

This patch adds a vreg cache for MachienFunction::salvageCopySSA, if we've
already traced a value back to the start of a block and created a DBG_PHI
then it allows us to re-use the DBG_PHI, as well as reducing work.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124517