sink DebugCompressionType into MC for exposing to clang

This is a preparatory change to expose the debug compression style to
clang.  It requires exposing the enumeration and passing the actual
value through to the backend from the frontend in actual value form
rather than a boolean that selects the GNU style of debug info
compression.

Minor tweak to the ELF Object Writer to use a variable for re-used
values.  Add an assertion that debug information format is one of the
two currently known types if debug information is being compressed.

llvm-svn: 305038