[WebAssembly] Handle cleanuppad with no parent in Wasm SjLj

Wasm SjLj converts longjmpable calls into `invoke`s that unwind to
`%catch.longjmp.dispatch` BB, from where we check if the thrown
exception is a `longjmp`. But in case a call already has a `funclet`
attribute, i.e., it is within a catch scope, we have to unwind to its
unwind destination first to preserve the scoping structure. That will
eventually unwind to `%catch.longjmp.dispatch`, because all
`catchswitch` and `cleanupret` that unwind to caller are redirected to
`%catch.dispatch.longjmp` during Wasm SjLj transformation.

But the prevous code assumed `cleanuppad`'s parent pad was always an
instruction, and didn't handle when a `cleanuppad`'s parent is `none`.
This CL handles this case, and makes the `while` loop more intuitive by
removing `FromPad` condition and explicitly inserting `break`s.

Reviewed By: dschuff

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D118407