[InstCombine] Fold `select` of `srem` and conditional add

Simplify a pattern that may show up when computing
the remainder of euclidean division. Particularly,
when the divisor is a power of two and never negative,
the signed remainder can be folded with a bitwise and.

Fixes 64305.

Proofs: https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/9_KG6c

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D156811