[ARM GlobalISel] Remove C++ code for G_CONSTANT

Get rid of the handwritten instruction selector code for handling
G_CONSTANT. This code wasn't checking all the preconditions correctly
anyway, so it's better to leave it to TableGen, which can handle at
least some cases correctly (e.g. MOVi, MOVi16, folding into binary
operations). Also add tests to cover those cases.

llvm-svn: 318146