[mlir][arith] Add test pass for wide integer emulation

The new test pass allows for running wide integer emulation conversion
within specified functions only.

I intend to use it in integration tests in a way that allows me print both
original and emulated results in the same format, or even compare both results
at runtime and print on mismatch only.

Reviewed By: antiagainst

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D134120