[WebAssemly] Associate symbol with InputChunk in which they are defined. NFC.

Summary:
Rather than explicit Function or InputSegment points store a
pointer to the base class (InputChunk) and use llvm dynamic
casts when we need a subtype.

This change is useful for add the upcoming gc-section support
wants to deal with all input chunks.

Subscribers: aheejin, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D42625

llvm-svn: 323621