[LLVM-C] Add Accessors for Common DIType and DILocation Properties

Summary:
- Adds getters for the line, column, and scope of a DILocation
- Adds getters for the name, size in bits, offset in bits, alignment in bits, line, and flags of a DIType

Reviewers: whitequark, harlanhaskins, deadalnix

Reviewed By: whitequark

Subscribers: llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D46627

llvm-svn: 332014