Use debug-prefix-map for AT_NAME

AT_NAME was being emitted before the directory paths were remapped. This
ensures that all paths are remapped before anything is emitted.

An additional test case has been added.

Note that this only works if the replacement string is an absolute path.
If not, then AT_decl_file believes the new path is a relative path, and
joins that path with the compilation directory. I do not know of a good
way to resolve this.

Patch by: Siddhartha Bagaria (starsid)

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D49169

llvm-svn: 336793